Speech etiquette among the Zoroastrians of Iran

Abstract

The Zoroastrians of Iran, as well as Iranians in general, have an ancient, extensive and varied etiquette, which can be verbal and non-verbal. This topic is almost unexplored. Speech etiquette, otherwise known by the Arabic word ta’aróf, is an important part of socio-communicative activity in Iran. It is realized in a set of etiquette lexical formulas and their repetition; special intonations; specific etiquette gestures, movements and poses; facial expressions; and ceremonial actions. Speech etiquette permits and constitutes an integral part of the entire process of speech communication.

The article examines specific examples of Zoroastrian speech etiquette, including original instances as well as those shared with Persian. They may be difficult to interpret due to frequent use of hyperbolization. I undertake a preliminary systematization of factual material to determine the purpose of the ta’aróf system — it is used to show increased (sometimes exaggerated) respect for the interlocutor and decreased self-esteem.