Реляционные свойства некоторых локативных имен в шугнанском языке: семантика и грамматикализация

Дмитрий Новокшанов

doi:10.30842/30346800.2025.1.2.2

Authors

Dmitry A. Novokshanov HSE University Author https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2935-4026

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30842/30346800.2025.1.2.2

Keywords:

grammaticalization, relational names, Shughni

Abstract

The article highlights the main semantic and grammatical properties of locative nouns claiming the status of relational nouns in Shughni (an Eastern Iranian language spoken in the Pamirs). Firstly, I identify the main nouns belonging to this category on the basis of available grammars and examples from D. Karamshoev’s Shughni–Russian dictionary and the Shughni corpus. Then, I determine the semantic properties as well as morphosyntactic criteria that distinguish them from ordinary nouns, namely: 1) they cannot take plural inflection; 2) they cannot be modified by an adjective; 3) they cannot be modified by a demonstrative; 4) it is possible to omit other elements of the prepositional / postpositional construction with the noun in question, preserving its semantics. Based on these criteria, the relational nouns can be divided into two main groups depending on the degree of their grammaticalization: nouns that in certain contexts undergo only decategorization and those that in certain contexts also show desemanticization, fully assuming the function of expressing locative meaning.

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